LOS MARGINADOS: MercatorNet ► Parental divorce ups likelihood of marijuana use

viernes, 8 de enero de 2016

MercatorNet ► Parental divorce ups likelihood of marijuana use

Family Edge looks at news and trends affecting the family in the light of human dignity. Our focus is the inspiring, creative, humorous, annoying, ridiculous, and dangerous ideas in the evening news. Send tips and brainwaves to the editor, Tamara Rajakariar, at tamara.rajakariar@ mercatornet.com - See more at: http://www.mercatornet.com/family_edge/view/parental-divorce-ups-likelihood-of-marijuana-use/17403#sthash.jephykij.dpuf

FRIDAY, 8 JANUARY 2016

Parental divorce ups likelihood of marijuana use

BY NICOLE M. KING

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The News Story - Survey reveals new trends in teen drug and alcohol use
The good news about teen substance use is that it has for the most part decreased, according to a new report. The bad news is that marijuana is an exception to this trend.
CBS reports that the annual survey of 8th, 10th and 12th graders from the National Institutes of Health's National Institute on Drug Abuse “shows substance abuse among high schoolers is stable or down in most categories.” But teens are still using: “The researchers said one concerning area . . . is that marijuana use has not declined. Daily use remains flat at 6 percent—for the first time, it exceeds tobacco cigarette use among 12th graders (at 5.5 percent).”

In an interview with 60 Minutes last week, National Drug Control Policy Director Michael Botticelli “emphasized the need to rethink America's ‘war on drugs.’ . . . We've learned addiction is a brain disease. This is not a moral failing . . . The medical community has a key role to play in terms of doing a better job of identifying people in the early stages of their disease . . . ”

But while addiction may not be a “moral failing,” research suggests that morality has more to do with it than most policymakers would like to acknowledge.
The New Research - Parental divorce and marijuana

Completed by researchers at Zurich and Lausanne Universities in Switzerland and the University of Oviedo in Spain, a new study examines marijuana use as a serious health hazard. The researchers note that “approximately 230 million individuals of the world’s adult population between the ages of 15 and 64 use an illegal drug at least once a year and about 27 million male and female adults are problem drug users; the most frequent substances consumed include cannabis [marijuana], amphetamines, or ecstasy, followed by cocaine and opiates.” Rejecting the libertarian notion that drug use is entirely a matter of individual choice, the researchers stress that “drug consumption undermines economic and social development and contributes to crime, insecurity, and the increase of severe health problems, such as the spread of HIV.”

The researchers acknowledge that drug use is “particularly prevalent in male young adults.” But then their study focuses on young men, drawing its data from almost six thousand young men (all about twenty years old) who visited army recruitment centers in twenty-one of Switzerland’s twenty-six cantons in 2010 or 2011.

In these data, the researchers see clear confirmation of “the gateway hypothesis.” That is, the researchers find that “moderate or high cannabis [marijuana] dependence” predicts a more than fourfold likelihood of using other illegal drugs (Odds Ratio in the overall statistical model of 4.13; p < 0.01). Even “low cannabis dependence” predicts a threefold likelihood of such drug use (Odds Ratio of 3.01; p < 0.01). The researchers plausibly trace a substance use pathway in “drug use with the use of legal substances (i.e. alcohol and tobacco) followed by cannabis [marijuana] and ‘hard’ drugs, such as cocaine or heroin.”

But not all young men are equally likely to travel this path. The researchers identify parental divorce before the age of eighteen as a statistically significant predictor of marijuana use. Indeed, young men who had experienced parental divorce were twice as likely as peers from intact families to use marijuana (Odds Ratio of 2.01; p = 0.04). The researchers regard this finding as “in line with prior results showing that children who are exposed to family problems, including family disruption and conflict, are more likely to use drugs such as cannabis in both adolescence and young adulthood.”

But while parental divorce drives up the likelihood of marijuana use, religion pushes it down. “Our study,” the researchers acknowledge, “showed that religiosity, defined as believing in God and practising religion, protected from the onset of cannabis use.” Compared to peers identifying themselves as atheists, the young men in the study who professed belief in God and regularly participated in worship services were half as likely to use marijuana (Odds Ratio in the full statistical model of 0.54; p = 0.04). The researchers interpret this finding in the context of “previous research . . . showing that . . . social religiosity and perceived religious support were correlated with lower cannabis use.”

This new study provides ample evidence of the malign consequences of marijuana use and the parental divorce that incubates it. And those consequences will only multiply unless America finds a way to empty its divorce courts and fill its churches.

(Source: Bryce J. Christensen and Nicole M. King, “New Research,” The Family in America, Winter 2015, Vol. 29 Number 1. Study: Severin Haug et al., “Predictors of Onset of Cannabis and Other Drug Use in Male Young Adults: Results from a Longitudinal Study,” BMC Public Health 14.1 [2014]: 1,201. Web.)
This article has been republished with permission from The Family in America, a publication of The Howard Center. The Howard Center is a MercatorNet partner site

- See more at: http://www.mercatornet.com/family_edge/view/parental-divorce-ups-likelihood-of-marijuana-use/17403#sthash.jephykij.dpuf

MercatorNet’s focus on human dignity attracts readers from many countries. Yesterday a Danish Christian newspaper contacted the editor, asking for an ethical forecast for the coming year. You can read Michael Cook’s round-up of the issuesmost likely to dominate the headlines, on our website. His comments at the end, contrasting today’s leading controversies with those of 50 years ago, are really spot on.

Coincidentally, Denmark has indirectly given us another article today. Daniel Moody, whose article about human rights we published earlier in the week, has reviewed a new film, The Danish Girl. It is based on the life of a famous transsexual (male to female) and from Daniel’s account of the film it is definitely not one to see.

Michael rightly picks transgender rights as one of the top controversies of 2016. Be prepared.