Chapter 2. Concentration: Opportunities and Constraints in the AI Value Chain

https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/0de39435-6ac1-4df7-9619-8da421751244/content The layers of the AI value chain—from hardware and infrastructure to models and applications—are concentrated in a few countries, often in only a handful of companies. Building the most advanced layers of the AI value chain is difficult, but accessing the capabilities of AI by adopting and adapting what has been built by others is more feasible and less expensive. Nevertheless, access to AI’s capabilities alone does not guarantee that coun­tries will benefit from them, because the effective­ness of AI solutions depends on how well they fit specific contexts.