16/07/2019
25 años sin justicia por el atentado a la AMIA
El jueves 18 de julio se cumplen 25 años del atentado a la AMIA. Ochenta y cinco mujeres, hombres y adolescentes murieron ese día; más de trescientos fueron heridos. Desde entonces, aunque en cada aniversario se hacen anuncios grandilocuentes, el atentado permanece impune: no hay verdad, ni justicia.
No se trata de una casualidad: una estructura política, judicial y de inteligencia hizo posibles años de encubrimiento y la impunidad del atentado. Esta compleja trama aún no fue desentrañada por completo y sus peores rasgos se acentuaron en los últimos años.
En estas más de dos décadas, un grupo de familiares y víctimas nucleados en Memoria Activa y otras agrupaciones lucharon por memoria, verdad y justicia, casi siempre en soledad. El desvío de la investigación llevó a que, en 2004, se anulara el único juicio que hubo por el atentado. Recién en 2019, el Poder Judicial confirmó que la investigación estuvo orientada desde el principio por intereses geopolíticos distintos a la identificación y sanción de los culpables.
Veinticinco años después, el gobierno instrumentaliza el caso para mostrar al país alineado internacionalmente en la “lucha contra el terrorismo”, lo que puede tener consecuencias muy serias. Invocando la memoria de las víctimas, el Poder Ejecutivo se muestra activo para definir un alineamiento estratégico con Estados Unidos e Israel respecto a Medio Oriente. Se trata de una decisión que sumerge a la Argentina en un escenario que no controla, al que ingresa como el partícipe más débil. Esta posición en el plano internacional no tiene correlato con las acciones que se requieren en materia de justicia e inteligencia para terminar con la impunidad y desentrañar el encubrimiento. Además, el mismo gobierno deshizo algunos de los pocos pasos que en ese sentido se habían dado tardíamente.
Después de un cuarto de siglo del atentado, y de manera similar a lo que ocurrió en 1994, el gobierno nacional sobreactúa alineamientos internacionales para no ser cuestionado por la falta de resultados concretos.
Incumplimiento internacional
Memoria Activa recurrió al sistema internacional de protección de los derechos humanos, el 16 de julio de 1999, con nuestro patrocinio. El 12 de julio de 2005, el Estado argentino reconoció la responsabilidad internacional del Estado por la violación del derecho a la vida y a la justicia y formalizó con el decreto 812/2005 los compromisos de una posible solución amistosa. Ese proceso quedó trunco.
A 25 años de los hechos, el caso está incumplido por:
1) Falta de investigación del atentado.
2) Falta de investigación de un tramo del encubrimiento.
3) Falta de reparación a las víctimas.
4) Falta de las reformas institucionales, entre ellas la del sistema de inteligencia, comprometidas en el decreto 812/05.
En este contexto, la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos estaría en condiciones de decretar la responsabilidad internacional por las violaciones de derechos humanos reconocidas por el Estado y enviar el caso a la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos.
Sistema de inteligencia
Desde que asumió, el gobierno de Mauricio Macri, producto del alineamiento con la agenda de Estados Unidos e Israel, promovió el juicio en ausencia y puso en duda que haya existido un encubrimiento con fines políticos del atentado. A nivel interno, el ministro de Justicia apoyó a personas actualmente condenadas por haber participado de esas maniobras y el gobierno utiliza una y otra vez la firma del Memorándum con Irán para llevar hacia allí la atención pública. En los últimos días, además, se anunció que la Argentina confeccionará un registro de organizaciones y personas identificadas como terroristas.
El desvío de la investigación del atentado fue un antecedente de las peores prácticas judiciales, las que distorsionan el debido proceso y politizan las causas penales con operaciones de inteligencia y mediáticas. El tribunal que juzgó el encubrimiento confirmó que existieron causas mellizas, legajos secretos, información de inteligencia sin sustento, arrepentidos falsos o extorsionados, pagos ilegales y detenciones arbitrarias.
Pero estas tramas del caso AMIA aún están presentes y explican muchos de los problemas que preocupan en la actualidad. No se rompieron los pactos entre los sectores judiciales, políticos, de inteligencia y mediáticos que construyeron la impunidad del atentado, ni se transformaron sus prácticas. De este modo, después de todos estos años rigen el secreto y la falta de control de los fondos reservados de inteligencia y rige el acuerdo subterráneo para que la justicia federal sostenga sus vínculos con las redes de inteligencia.
El compromiso con la verdad, la memoria y la justicia exige que estos pactos, finalmente, se rompan.
Compromisos
El jueves 18 de julio, a las 9.30, las y los familiares organizados en Memoria Activa convocan a un acto en la Plaza Lavalle, enfrente de los Tribunales. Como hace 25 años, piden que el Estado cumpla con sus obligaciones de investigar la verdad y sancionar a los responsables. Desde hace 25 años, buscan algo más: el compromiso de todos, de la sociedad y del sistema político, para que nunca más sea posible tanta impunidad.
This Thursday, July 18, it will be 25 years since the AMIA bombing. Eighty-five women, men and teenagers died that day; more than 300 were injured. Since then, despite the grandiose speeches, the bombing remains unpunished: no truth, no justice.
This is no mere accident: years of cover-up and impunity for the bombing were made possible by a political, judicial and intelligence structure. This complex scheme has still not been entirely unraveled and its worst aspects have become more accentuated in recent years.
Over more than two decades, a group of family members and victims belonging to Memoria Activa and other groups have fought for memory, truth and justice, nearly always on their own. The diversion of the investigation led to the nullification of the only trial for the bombing in 2004. It was not until 2019 that the judiciary confirmed that the investigation was, from the beginning, shaped by geopolitical interests other than the identification and sanctioning of the perpetrators.
Twenty-five years later, the government has taken up the case as an instrument to show the international community that the country is aligned in the “fight against terrorism,” which could have very serious consequences. Invoking the memory of the victims, the Executive Branch is actively aiming to define a strategic alignment with the United States and Israel with regard to the Middle East. This is a decision that submerges Argentina in a scenario it does not control, and that it enters as the weakest participant. This position on the international stage has no correlation with the actions required in terms of justice and intelligence to end the impunity and unravel the cover-up. Moreover, this same government undid some of the few steps that had been taken, albeit tardy, in this sense.
A quarter century after the bombing, and similarly to what occurred in 1994, the Argentine government is overacting international alignments to avoid being questioned on its failure to produce concrete results.
International non-compliance
Memoria Activa resorted to the international system of human rights protection on July 16, 1999, with our sponsorship. On July 12, 2005, the Argentine State acknowledged its international responsibility for the violation of the right to life and justice, and formalized its commitments to a possible amicable solution under Decree 812/2005. This process was cut short.
After 25 years, there has been no State compliance in the case for:
1) Failure to investigate the bombing.
2) Failure to investigate the cover-up.
3) Failure to make reparations to victims.
4) Failure to make institutional reforms, including the system of intelligence, committed to under Decree 812/05.
In this context, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights would be in a position to rule international responsibility for the human rights violations acknowledged by the State and submit the case to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
System of intelligence
Since taking power, the government of Mauricio Macri has, as a result of its alignment with the agenda of the United States and Israel, promoted the bombing being tried elsewhere and cast doubt that there ever was a politically motivated cover-up. On in internal level, the Minister of Justice has lent his support to persons actually sentenced for their role in such maneuvers and the government has repeatedly used the signing of the Memorandum with Iran to sway public attention in that direction. In recent days, it was also announced that the government will produce a list of organizations and persons identified as terrorists.
The diversion of the investigation into the bombing set a precedent for the worst judicial practices – practices that distort due process and politicize criminal cases with intelligence and media operations. The court that tried the cover-up confirmed that there were identical cases, secret files, unsupported intelligence information, false or extorted affirmations of repentance, illegal payments and arbitrary detentions.
But the scheming behind the AMIA case is still present and explains many of the problems that concern us today. The pacts between the judicial, political, intelligence and media sectors that built the impunity around the bombing have never been broken, nor have ways of doing things been transformed. Thus, after all these years, the secret persists and lack of oversight of funds reserved for intelligence operations prevails, as does the behind-the-scenes agreement that sustains the ties between the federal justice system and intelligence networks.
The commitment to truth, memory and justice demands that these pacts finally be broken.
Commitments
On Thursday, July 18 at 9.30 a.m., the family members of Memory Activa will convene a public event in Plaza Lavalle in front of Tribunales (Federal Courthouse). Like 25 years ago, they ask that the State comply with its obligations to investigate the truth and punish those responsible. For 25 years, they’ve also been seeking something else: commitment by all, society and the political system, for such impunity to never again be possible.
This is no mere accident: years of cover-up and impunity for the bombing were made possible by a political, judicial and intelligence structure. This complex scheme has still not been entirely unraveled and its worst aspects have become more accentuated in recent years.
Over more than two decades, a group of family members and victims belonging to Memoria Activa and other groups have fought for memory, truth and justice, nearly always on their own. The diversion of the investigation led to the nullification of the only trial for the bombing in 2004. It was not until 2019 that the judiciary confirmed that the investigation was, from the beginning, shaped by geopolitical interests other than the identification and sanctioning of the perpetrators.
Twenty-five years later, the government has taken up the case as an instrument to show the international community that the country is aligned in the “fight against terrorism,” which could have very serious consequences. Invoking the memory of the victims, the Executive Branch is actively aiming to define a strategic alignment with the United States and Israel with regard to the Middle East. This is a decision that submerges Argentina in a scenario it does not control, and that it enters as the weakest participant. This position on the international stage has no correlation with the actions required in terms of justice and intelligence to end the impunity and unravel the cover-up. Moreover, this same government undid some of the few steps that had been taken, albeit tardy, in this sense.
A quarter century after the bombing, and similarly to what occurred in 1994, the Argentine government is overacting international alignments to avoid being questioned on its failure to produce concrete results.
International non-compliance
Memoria Activa resorted to the international system of human rights protection on July 16, 1999, with our sponsorship. On July 12, 2005, the Argentine State acknowledged its international responsibility for the violation of the right to life and justice, and formalized its commitments to a possible amicable solution under Decree 812/2005. This process was cut short.
After 25 years, there has been no State compliance in the case for:
1) Failure to investigate the bombing.
2) Failure to investigate the cover-up.
3) Failure to make reparations to victims.
4) Failure to make institutional reforms, including the system of intelligence, committed to under Decree 812/05.
In this context, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights would be in a position to rule international responsibility for the human rights violations acknowledged by the State and submit the case to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
System of intelligence
Since taking power, the government of Mauricio Macri has, as a result of its alignment with the agenda of the United States and Israel, promoted the bombing being tried elsewhere and cast doubt that there ever was a politically motivated cover-up. On in internal level, the Minister of Justice has lent his support to persons actually sentenced for their role in such maneuvers and the government has repeatedly used the signing of the Memorandum with Iran to sway public attention in that direction. In recent days, it was also announced that the government will produce a list of organizations and persons identified as terrorists.
The diversion of the investigation into the bombing set a precedent for the worst judicial practices – practices that distort due process and politicize criminal cases with intelligence and media operations. The court that tried the cover-up confirmed that there were identical cases, secret files, unsupported intelligence information, false or extorted affirmations of repentance, illegal payments and arbitrary detentions.
But the scheming behind the AMIA case is still present and explains many of the problems that concern us today. The pacts between the judicial, political, intelligence and media sectors that built the impunity around the bombing have never been broken, nor have ways of doing things been transformed. Thus, after all these years, the secret persists and lack of oversight of funds reserved for intelligence operations prevails, as does the behind-the-scenes agreement that sustains the ties between the federal justice system and intelligence networks.
The commitment to truth, memory and justice demands that these pacts finally be broken.
Commitments
On Thursday, July 18 at 9.30 a.m., the family members of Memory Activa will convene a public event in Plaza Lavalle in front of Tribunales (Federal Courthouse). Like 25 years ago, they ask that the State comply with its obligations to investigate the truth and punish those responsible. For 25 years, they’ve also been seeking something else: commitment by all, society and the political system, for such impunity to never again be possible.
Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales
Contacto de prensa: Ezequiel María [+54 9 11] 6241 2298
CELS. Piedras 547 1° piso - CABA - Argentina. [+54 11] 4334 4200
CELS. Piedras 547 1° piso - CABA - Argentina. [+54 11] 4334 4200
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